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Nail Problems

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June 2, 2010 at 1:30 pm

Nail Problems: Nailing Down a Cure

Nails, Biting, Brittle

Best Single Herb: Horsetail

Best Combinations: Horsetail, rosemary, hyssop, aloe vera, ginkgo biloba; kelp

Other Helpful Supplements: Zinc; vitamin E; food enzymes with hydrochloric acid; vitamin C; calcium/magnesium with vitamin D

Possible Causes: Weak digestion; thyroid problems; malnutrition

Complementary Help: Support digestion

My fingernails are the first to remind me when I haven’t been getting enough herbal silicon, calcium, zinc, and other minerals. If I run out of my daily herbal supplements, in less than 10 days my fingernails begin to tear, break, and bend — even though I keep them very short! If healing begins from the inside out, as Hering’s Law of Cure states, then I also believe the opposite is true: that illness begins on the inside first, and the outward signs show up last.

The body has the ability to prioritize incoming nutrients. In other words, it will take care of your most critical organs first with the nutrients you feed it. But when the incoming supply runs low, then the less critical things, such as fingernails and hair, suffer. These outward signs are a warning signal that gives you clues to nourish yourself to avoid inner deterioration.

Just like the rest of our structural system, the nails, skin, and hair need minerals for nourishment. One of the main minerals for these parts (considered part of the structural system) is silicon. Silicon is a natural substance found in nature that is extremely tough but flexibly resilient. Think of the seaweed and the herb kelp, which grows in long, rope-like extensions and sways in the sea with the movement of the waves. Kelp is extremely flexible, but the next time some washes up on the beach, try to tear it in half. It’s almost like trying to tear a thick telephone book in half! Kelp is rich in silicon, which gives it strength but also flexibility. This is how we want our hair and skin to be. Nails will be firm but should not be brittle; brittle nails will break and fracture frequently under stress. Silicon gives some flexibility to the nails to help them withstand impact.

Terms related to herbs or holistic health

Hering’s Law of Cure states, “All healing begins from the head down, the inside out, and in the reverse order as the symptoms have first been acquired.”

Horsetail for Biting Brittle Nails

Horsetail (Equisetum arvense) is one of the richest herbs in silicon, and this is why I have chosen it as the best single herb for nail problems. This plant is also known as shavegrass or bottle brush; its spiny projections stick up and out and resemble a brush that could be used to clean bottles, which is where it may have earned this name.

The Latin translation of this herb literally means “horse tail of the fields,” and if you have ever felt a horse’s tail, you will notice how strong and thick these hairs are. This is an example of how silica, a component in silicone, gives hardness to hair.

Terms related to herbs or holistic health

Silica is a compound of silicon and oxygen. It is silicon that gives the hard outer coating to vegetables such as corn, rice, and barley.

Horsetail has been used traditionally as an herbal remedy for torn ligaments; arthritis of all types (especially rheumatoid arthritis); inflammations; skin, hair, and nail deficiencies; and bacteria and fungal infections. It also has been used as a diuretic and as a foot bath for stinky or sweaty feet. Horsetail is rich in many minerals and contains trace amounts of gold, which has proven helpful for rheumatism.

Other herbs rich in silicon, calcium, zinc, and other minerals good for the hair, skin, and nails include: rosemary, hyssop, aloe vera, ginkgo biloba, and kelp.

Nail Readings

The nails, skin, and hair are all outward reflections of your inner health, and we can learn to read these signs with practice and study. For instance, some people read faces for signs of health: Who hasn’t seen someone who is stressed and over-tired without bags or circles under their eyes? This can also indicate liver or kidney stress. The teeth reflect how nourished we are, as the body can rob calcium from these areas to feed other, more critical body parts.

Warnings about the use of herbs

Large amounts of horsetail may be toxic, so try to find this great herb mixed with other herbs designed for the structural system. Using this herb over long periods of time can deplete vitamin B1 from the body. This herb may also be somewhat abrasive to the digestive tract and should be taken only occasionally, or in small amounts mixed with other herbs.

The nails are no different; they are alive and always growing, and they’re quick to show us what might be going on in the body.

Here are some examples:

  • Dry, brittle nails that break easily could indicate a deficiency in silicon, calcium, and zinc.
  • Ridges along nails could mean that you have poor digestion or lack hydrochloric acid. Try a food enzyme with hydrochloric acid added for a few weeks, and see if you notice a change. Also consider herbal sources of minerals.
  • White spots on fingernails may indicate a zinc deficiency. Beware of taking too much zinc, however; about 45-50 mg daily is more than sufficient unless specific conditions apply (such as taking excess calcium). See your doctor or holistic practitioner if you’re taking zinc supplements.
  • Thin, flat, spoon-shaped nails can be a sign of a B-12 deficiency.
  • A deep blue color to the nails may indicate a lack of oxygen in the tissues due to asthma or emphysema.
  • Nails that come off or that separate from the fingers may indicate problems with the thyroid.
  • Thick cuticles can indicate poor digestion of protein. Try food enzymes containing hydrochloric acid, marshmallow and pepsin and eat less protein.
  • Horizontal ridges across nails can indicate a lack of calcium. However, the nails grow from about a quarter-inch below your nail bed (toward your finger joints). If you bump or damage this nail bed, the impact may make your nail(s) grow out with ridges. I imagine this as the ripple effect, like when you throw a stone into a still pond. The image really makes me think about how we are made up of energy!
  • A yellowing and thickening of nails can be a deposit of calcium or other minerals that your body is not absorbing or utilizing properly. Work with a holistic practitioner to help with your absorption, and read the posts for hints on herbs for better digestion. Also check for fungus growth under nails if you see a yellow color. Another possibility is a poor circulatory system that is not fully bringing circulation to the nails.
  • Nail biting is usually due to a lack of minerals that nourish the nervous system. You may subconsciously be trying to eat your minerals from your fingernails. To end this habit, begin taking some herbal remedies to nourish the rest of your body and see posts for more on anxiety.

About overcoming an ailment with herbs

Nutritional sources of zinc include capsicum, spirulina, psyllium, safe, garlic, eyebright, bilberry, and gotu kola. Zinc-rich foods include pumpkin seeds, goat’s milk/whey, brewers yeast, and whole grains.

About overcoming an ailment with herbs

Excessive nail-biting can be curbed, especially in children with an herbal spray made from any bitter herb, such as cascara sagrada, gentian, or turkey rhubarb. Make a tea from the bitter herb, and spray onto the fingertips frequently. In the meantime, fix the real problem by nourishing yourself or your child with herbs rich in minerals.

Parasites

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June 12, 2010 at 5:18 am

Parasites: Dealing with Uninvited Guests

Best Single Herb: Wormwood

Best Combinations: Elecampane, mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris), spearmint, turmeric, ginger, garlic, clove, wormwood (Artemisia absinthium); cascara sagrada; black walnut

Other Helpful Supplements: Acidophilus; food enzymes with hydrochloric acid

Possible Causes: Poor stomach acid; problems with the drinking water; transfer from food or pets

Complementary Help: Wash fruits and vegetables thoroughly; cleanse the bowel; avoid sugar

Parasites are organisms that live off a host (you) that do not contribute to the welfare of that host. Basically life-suckers, parasites are linked to a myriad of illnesses, and parasite infestation can be very damaging to the system. Several different types of parasites exist, from microscopic organisms to large intestinal tapeworms. Because most of you will be terribly grossed out by this topic, I’ll spare you the gruesome details. However, I think that everyone should be aware that more of us than you might think have parasites.

In this section, I’ll also make you aware of some of the signs of infestation, and I’ll give you some preventative measures to take. Then we can get on with the herbal remedies.

Parasites can be transferred through contact with the following contaminated items:

  • Animals
  • Feces
  • Meat
  • Soil
  • Vegetables
  • Water

Parasites can enter our body via the mouth or through the skin.

About overcoming an ailment with herbs

Think of bugs and parasites as nature’s undertakers — they invade only when conditions are ripe. Keep the body clean, digestion strong, and tissues oxygenated so parasites cannot take a foothold.

How can you tell if you might have a parasitic infection? Here are some things to look for:

  • Sudden, unexplained illness
  • Dramatic weight loss or weight gain
  • Diarrhea, intestinal distress
  • Vomiting, nausea
  • Grinding teeth, especially at night
  • Sugar cravings
  • Abdominal bloating
  • Lowered immunity
  • Insomnia
  • General body aches, pains, weakness
  • Liver problems, anemia, cirrhosis

These ailments can be caused by a host of things (no pun intended!) but are common among my clients who suffer from parasite infections.

Warnings about the use of herbs

Avoid sugar when dealing with a parasite infection. Sugar is a favorite food of parasites, and you will need to starve the party to get rid of them for good.

When utilizing herbs to kill off a parasite infection, get some guidance from your holistic practitioner and herbalist because the process can sometimes take more than a month — and sometimes several months — to complete.

Try this regimen that my clients have followed with success:

1. Take your parasite-killing herbs (examples are given in the table at the end of this chapter) for 10 days, and avoid eating sugar, meat, cheese, and bread.

2. Replace these foods with lots of rice, steamed vegetables, tofu, beans, salads, and other wholesome foods.

3. Then, continue on your clean diet and discontinue the parasite-killing herbs for 10 days. (You can continue on your food enzyme supplement with hydrochloric acid for protection.)

4. After this 10-day rest period, resume taking your herbs for another 10 days. This will ensure that you have killed off any eggs that may have hatched from the first batch of the nasties.

Don’t be discouraged if you have to go through this process for another month or so — it will depend on how strong of a foothold the buggers have on you. You can also increase your garlic intake to speed up the process.

Wormwood, Would You?

In case you’re out in the bushes identifying different herbs, let’s clear up a common problem in identifying or labeling sage. There is the herb sage, and then there is the herb sagebrush. Sagebrush is commonly referred to as just sage, for short, but sage and sagebrush actually come from two separate families. Sagebrush is part of the Artemisia family (also referred to as the wormwood family). We’re going to talk about the wormwood or Artemisia family here for its usefulness in fighting parasites. This family contains three different herbs, and all are quite different.

Let’s get this wormwood, sage, sagebrush thing straight:

Wormwood is a common name for the herb Artemisia absinthium, Artemisia frigida, or Artemisia tilesii. This is the herb we will discuss for its effects on ridding the body of parasites.

Mugwort is the common name for the herb Artemisia vulgaris. This herb is also used to fight parasite infections and can be used together with wormwood for enhanced effect.

Sagebrush is the common name for the herb Artemisia tridentata and is the common, bush-like herb you see in the mountains, deserts, and plains of North America. We’ll talk a little more about this common plant here, too, because it’s one of my favorites. This herb has been used for respiratory ailments and many other conditions of the body. See the following photo of sagebrush taken early in the spring to help identify this herb.

Sage does not belong in the Artemisia family at all — its Latin name is Salvia officinalis, and it’s used for sinuses, the bladder, mucus membranes, sore throats, and nerves.

Growing up in Colorado (and now living in Idaho), I have been surrounded by sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) almost everywhere outdoors. I love its bittersweet smell and have harvested it for use as incense. The plant burns easily, and with an incense holder and a piece of self-igniting charcoal, you can burn the fresh herb for quite a while. Use sagebrush for a psychic cleansing for your environment and self. When moving into a new home that was previously occupied or buying a previously owned vehicle, a smoky sagebrush cleansing will help purify others energies and makes the space feel cleaner.

Artemisia tridentata, commonly known as sagebrush and sometimes called sage.

The sagebrush is the silver-green, somewhat fuzzy plant you see in the Western high deserts and plains of North America. Next time you watch a cowboy Western movie, notice the sagebrush that is always growing abundantly in the dusty, rocky ground. Pick some for its wonderful smell, and remember its differences from the other herb: sage.

Now back to the other Artemisia family members that specifically have been used as verimfuges (parasite killers) and anthelmintics (parasite expellers).

Herb Lore: information related to holistic health

Having the opportunity to be involved with a tribe of Lakota Sioux Native Americans helped me see what a useful and revered herb sagebrush is. Women added a pinch of it to soups and stews; fresh sprigs were added to the flames of the sweat lodge fire; and the medicine man always cleansed the energy of each person who entered the healing ceremonies with the smoke of burning sagebrush. Sometimes when flesh offerings were given, the medicine man would pick some sprigs and immediately dress the wounds with the leaves; the application stopped bleeding immediately.

Wormwood is a plant that may have received its name because pests are repelled by it. You can take wormwood internally but only in small doses; this herb can kill and send unwanted parasites from your body, and it may work specifically well for roundworms and thread worms. You will usually find wormwood mixed with other herbs in combinations because too much of this herb can be toxic to the system. Parasites aren’t the only pests that dislike this herb — mice also are repelled by it. In fact, it is said that writers and authors in the days of old used to add the juice of the wormwood plant to their ink to protect mice from chewing on their papers! (Isn’t it funny how times have changed? Now authors couldn’t survive without a mouse!)

Terms related to herbs or holistic health

A verimfuge is a term used for an herb that has properties that push parasites from the body. This term has been used interchangeably with anthelmintic, parasiticide, and antiparasitic. An anthelmintic is a term used for an herb that has properties that kill parasites. This term has been used interchangeably with verimfuge, parasiticide, and antiparasitic.

You can also use dried wormwood to make sachets for protecting your closets and sweater drawers from moths. Try wormwood as a tea or decoction, and apply it externally for use as a topical insect repellent and to combat lice, scabies, and itchy skin.

In folklore, the dried herb of the wormwood plant was used to protect a person from spells given by the evil eye. So, it seems, wormwood has been used for a long time to rid unwanted things from our body and from our environment.

Other Herbs to Evict Unwanted Tenants

Many herbs can be used safely in combination or separately to fight parasitic infections and to protect you from them in the first place. For protection, take a food enzyme supplement with hydrochloric acid before every meal, especially when eating out or traveling. Food poisoning is usually caused by bacterial infections, but parasites can be contracted the same way — either way, hydrochloric acid should kill them both!

Here’s a list of well-known herbs that kill and rid the body of parasites:

About overcoming an ailment with herbs

If you and your physician cannot pinpoint the exact cause of your ailments, consider a parasite infection.

Any combinations of these herbs can serve as an internal fumigation for your parasites! Not all of these are safe for use if pregnant or nursing, so see the contraindications listed back in “Herbs Are Not Just for Hippies Anymore,” before utilizing these herbs.

Uterine Problems

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July 15, 2010 at 11:17 am

Uterus, Weak/Prolapsed

Best Single Herb: Motherwort

Best Combinations: Motherwort; red raspberry

Other Helpful Supplements: B-complex vitamins

Possible Causes: Constipation; prolapsed transverse colon

Complementary Help: Slant board exercises; bowel cleansing; bayberry or witch hazel tea or decoction used as douche

Uterus Support During Childbirth

Best Single Herb: Squawvine

Best Combinations: Squawvine; black cohosh, squawvine, dong quai, butcher’s broom, red raspberry (five weeks or less before scheduled child delivery only)

Other Helpful Supplements: Magnesium

Possible Causes: Not applicable

Complementary Help: Tangerine oil to relax during delivery

When there’s a problem with the uterus, it may be due to a weakness or a prolapsus. A prolapsed uterus is a uterus that has either tipped backward because of other sagging organs putting pressure directly on it, because of a lack of tissue integrity of the uterus, causing it to sag.

To help a tipped uterus, consider the colon. If the lower bowel is heavy with waste materials due to constipation, the bowel can sag under this weight and can drop down on top of the uterus, causing discomfort, problems conceiving, or painful periods.

Try cleansing the bowel if you have trouble with your uterus. Any organ that is lying underneath a constipated, toxic-laden, heavy colon can only create an unhealthy environment for that organ. The position can cause constricted blood flow and may encourage adhesions or other growths to occur. Read for more on cleansing with herbs.

Other things that can help a prolapsed transverse colon or a prolapsed uterus are slant board exercises. All you need for a slant board exercise is an exercise incline bench or some other type of board that you can raise one end of and lie on safely with your feet higher than your head. These exercises are designed to bring back tone to a prolapsed colon, but the uterus will be affected also.

  1. Lie on your back with your head at the low end of the board.
  2. Gently and rapidly tap the area below your belly button with your cupped hand for a few minutes.
  3. You can also find a tennis ball or similar ball and roll it around the same area.

Gravitational force will help pull the bowel and uterus back into place, and the tapping and rolling motions will bring blood supply to the area and may help give tone back to the muscles. This exercise is also helpful if you experience tiredness, a groggy head, or forgetfulness.

Warnings about the use of herbs

Be careful getting up from this position! If you are not used to it, you can become dizzy because of the extra blood and oxygen flow to the brain.

Motherwort for the Weak Uterus

Motherwort (Leonurus cardiaca) is an herb used for its antispasmodic, astringent, diuretic, and nervine properties. This herb is considered a tonic made for female problems because it has been used to ease the pain associated with menstruation, to relieve pain during childbirth, and to ease frigidity. Motherwort has some laxative effects as well. The Japanese celebrate motherwort at a festival called Kikousouki, where they add the flowers of the plant to their food and eat them.

Warnings about the use of herbs

Because of its laxative effects, motherwort should not be used during pregnancy, but to may be used to help ease pain during childbirth.

Although this herb can be used to ease pain during labor, it should not be taken during pregnancy.

Red raspberry is an herb that can help support the uterus during pregnancy. A tea containing red raspberry, witch hazel, and motherwort or bayberry can be made into a douche and used to help contract and tone the uterus.

Squawvine Support

Squawvine (Mitchella repens) is used to help support the tone of the uterus while pregnant, as well as during and after childbirth. Native American women have taken squawvine as a tea during pregnancy to aid delivery and to help nourish breast milk.

Unlike motherwort, which should be used only during labor, squawvine is a uterine tonic that is safe to use during pregnancy. This herb can be combined with black cohosh, dong quai, butcher’s broom, and red raspberry and taken five weeks before your scheduled delivery date to help make labor easier. My clients who have used this combination have always had great testimonials about the effects of this combination, even when giving birth to a first child (which can be a more difficult delivery, for some).

Squawvine also has been used as a diuretic and has been helpful in eliminating stones from the kidneys and the bladder. Pregnancy and breastfeeding can make the nipples sore, and a squawvine fomentation has helped ease this tenderness for many women.

About overcoming an ailment with herbs

Magnesium acts as a muscle-relaxant and can help in labor pain. Aroma-therapists also have diffused tangerine into the birthing room to calm and relax nerves and to soothe the soul.

Assessment of Patients Who Are Considering Use of a Natural Product

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December 21, 2011 at 2:47 pm
Relevant Evaluation Criteria Scenario/Model Outcome
Information Gathering
1. Gather essential information about the patient’s symptoms, including:
a. description of symptom(s) (i.e., nature, onset, duration, severity, associated symptoms) Patient reports that his cholesterol level has not decreased quite as much as needed, and that his PCP has given him a new prescription for an increased dosage of simvastatin. “I just need to comedown 8 or 10 more points.”
b. description of any factors that seem to precipitate, exacerbate, and/or relieve the patient’s symptom(s) None
c. description of the patient’s efforts to relieve the symptoms He follows a low-fat, low-cholesterol diet and exercises regularly. He also takes fish oil 3 g/day.
2. Gather essential patient history information:
a. patient’s identity Robert John Nellsen
b. patient’s age, sex, height, and weight 67-year-old male, 6 ft 1 in, 186 lb
c. patient’s occupation Retired building contractor
d. patient’s dietary habits Low-fat, low-cholesterol diet
e. patient’s sleep habits He usually gets 7.5-8 hours of sleep per night; has insomnia 4-5 times per year.
f. concurrent medical conditions, prescription and nonprescription medications, and dietary supplements Stage 1 HTN, well controlled on hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg every day

Mild knee and right shoulder osteoarthritis, treated with as-needed ibuprofen and/or APAP

Centrum Silver 1 tablet every day
Enteric-coated fish oil 1 gram 3 times/day
Simvastatin 20 mg every day
g. allergies NKDA; no known food or plant allergies
h. history of other adverse reactions to medications Intolerant of erythromycin (severe nausea and vomiting, requiring change in antibiotic)
i. other (describe) Patient comes to your pharmacy counter with two products, red yeast rice and garlic. He says that he does not want to increase his simvastatin dose, because when he was on a 40 mg dose several years ago, he felt quite fatigued much of the time. He wants to know which of the two natural medicines would be better for him to take to get his cholesterol down a little lower.
Assessment and Triage
3. Differentiate the patient’s signs/symptoms and correctly identify the patient’s primary problem(s). Hyperlipidemia, uncontrolled

Osteoarthritis, mild and adequately treated with as-needed medications

Hypertension, controlled

Lack of education regarding dietary supplements

4. Identify exclusions for self-treatment. None
5. Formulate a comprehensive list of therapeutic alternatives for the primary problem to determine if triage to a medical practitioner is required, and share this information with the patient. Options include:

(1) Continue the simvastatin and add garlic.

(2) Stop simvastatin and begin red yeast rice.

(3) Increase simvastatin dose and add coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10).

(4) Take no action.

Plan
6. Select an optimal therapeutic alternative to address the patient’s problem, taking into account patient preferences. Fill prescription for increased simvastatin dosage and add CoQ10.
7. Describe the recommended therapeutic approach to the patient. Simvastatin is known to decrease CoQ10 levels. This effect may be associated with side effects such as the fatigue he experienced with the 40 mg dose taken previously. Increasing the simvastatin will be the most effective way for him to decrease his cholesterol levels to the desired goal, and taking the CoQ10 may help him tolerate the medication better.

Encourage continuance of low-fat diet and regular exercise for control of hyperlipi-demia and HTN.

8. Explain to the patient the rationale for selecting the recommended therapeutic approach from the considered therapeutic alternatives. The red yeast rice product contains a statin very similar to the simvastatin that he is currently taking, so it would not be appropriate to take these together. Also, the red yeast rice alone may not provide a large enough cholesterol-lowering effect to maintain his present levels, much less decrease them further.

The evidence for garlic does support lipid-lowering effects, although the reductions are probably limited to about 5%.

Patient Education
9. When recommending self-care with nonpre-scription medications and/or nondrug therapy, convey accurate information to the patient:
a. appropriate dose and frequency of administration CoQ10 100mg/day
b. maximum number of days the therapy should be employed During time patient is on simvastatin
c. product administration procedures You may take the CoQ10 with meals if any gastrointestinal upset occurs.
d. expected time to onset of relief
e. degree of relief that can be reasonably expected You should monitor for occurrence of excessive fatigue after increasing the simvastatin dosage.
f. most common side effects
g. side effects that warrant medical intervention should they occur
h. patient options in the event that condition worsens or persists If he still experiences intolerable fatigue on the 40 mg dose of simvastatin, consider a recommendation to the physician to decrease the dosage back to 20 mg, and add garlic, a standardized product providing allicin about 4 mg/day.
i. product storage requirements Keep product in an appropriate storage area away from excessive heat and moisture, and out of reach of children and pets.
j. specific nondrug measures After choosing an appropriate, high-quality product, maintain therapy with that same product.
10. Solicit follow-up questions from patient. Does it matter what brand I buy?
11. Answer patient’s questions. Some products may not contain the stated amount of coQ10. It is a good idea to buy a product that has a quality assurance seal of approval (such as “U.S. Pharmacopoeia Verified”) or that is listed on www.consumerlab.com as having passed tests to confirm appropriate amounts.

A Compendium of Traditional Thai Herbal Medicine – K,Q,Y

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October 25, 2011 at 12:03 pm

Kaffir Lime

Citrus hystix

Ma Krut

Action: Antioxidant, Antitussive, Astringent, Blood Tonic, Carminative, Emmenagogue, Expectorant, Stomachic

Taste: Sour (fruit, leaf), bitter (rind)

Part Used: Juice of Fruit, Rind, Leaf

Internal Application: Kaffir lime leaves are frequently used in Thai cuisine to add a tangy flavor to soups and curries. The leaf is considered to be more medicinal than the fruit, although the juice and rind can also be used. Kaffir lime leaves and fruits are one of the main ingredients used in the traditional Thai herbal compresses, as well as in the sauna. Inhaled or ingested, kaffir lime is useful for treatment of colds, congestion, and cough. Taken internally, it is a digestion stimulant which alleviates flatulence and indigestion, and is used to promote regularity in the case of blocked or infrequent menstruation. It is well known as a blood purifier, as an antioxidant with cancer-preventing properties, and is used to treat high blood pressure.

Preparation: Make decoction from rind and/or leaves. Or add juice of the fruit to hot herbal tea.

Note: Kaffir lime is a fruit local to Thailand. Where it is not available, the common lime may be substituted.

Queen’s Flower, Pride of India

Lagerstroemia speciosa

Inthanin Nam

Action: Diuretic

Part Used: Leaf

Internal Application: Queen’s flower tea reduces blood sugar levels and is therefore good for diabetics. As a diuretic, it is also useful for irregular or painful urination, kidney and bladder stones, and venereal diseases.

Preparation: Tea

Ylang-Ylang, Perfume Tree

Canaga odorata

Magrut

Action: Blood Tonic, Cardiac, Diuretic

Taste: Aromatic

Part Used: Flower, Leaf, Wood

Internal Application: Ylang-ylang flower is a tonic for the heart and is used traditionally to treat dizziness and fainting spells. It is a tonic for the blood, and it balances the four elements. The leaf and wood are diuretic.

Preparation: Make tea from fresh or dried flowers, or add flowers to sauna or steam bath.

 

A Compendium of Traditional Thai Herbal Medicine – Z

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October 25, 2011 at 12:00 pm

Zedoary

Curcumin zedoaria

Khamin Oi

Action: Adjuvant, Antiemetic, Antipryretic, Antiseptic, Astringent, Stomachic

Taste: Hot

Part Used: Rhizome

Internal Application: Related to turmeric, zedoary is used for similar purposes. It is effective against nausea, vomiting, intestinal cramps, irritable bowel, gastritis, and diarrhea, and is often added as an adjuvant to laxative herbs due to its soothing effect on the stomach. It is also effective against fever and is used by Hill-Tribes for dysentery.

Preparation: Decoction

Topical Application: Zedoary is a topical antiseptic used in the Thai tradition and by Hill-Tribes on cuts, wounds, and insect bites.

Preparation: Mash with mortar and pestle; make poultice, or add to compress.

Zerumbet Ginger

Zingiber zerumbet

Ka Thue

Action: Analgesic, Antiemetic, Antirheumatic, Stomachic

Taste: Hot

Part Used: Rhizome

Internal Application: Zerumbet ginger has many of the same properties as common ginger, but to a lesser degree. It is used traditionally to treat stomach pain and cramping, as well as food poisoning or allergy, nausea, and vomiting. It can be used successfully to treat irritable bowel, gastritis, and indigestion.

Preparation: Decoction from fresh fire-roasted rhizome. Young shoots and flowers also may be eaten raw or steamed with chili sauce.

Topical Application: A tincture of Zerumbet ginger is applied topically to soothe arthritis pains. With massage, it is said to give especially good results.

Preparation: Soak  handfuls of the chopped rhizome in alcohol. Apply as needed with massage, or use hot compress.

 

A Compendium of Traditional Thai Herbal Medicine – W

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October 25, 2011 at 11:58 am

Wan Maha Kan

Gynura pseudochina

Action: Anti-inflammatory, Antiparasitic, Antipruritic, Antipyretic

Part Used: Leaf, Root

Internal Application: The root of the wan maha kan is taken as a remedy for fever. Preparation: Decoction

Topical Application: The fresh leaves are used topically for treatment of eczema, herpes, insect bites, scabies, lice, and skin inflammation.

Preparation: Pound leaves with mortar and pestle, adding a small amount of water to make a paste. Apply to affected areas 3-4 times daily as needed.

Water Mimosa, Neptunia

Neptunia plena, Neptunia oleracea

Pak Kachad

Action: Antipyretic

Taste: Bland

Part Used: Young Leaf and Stem

Internal Application: The water mimosa is a type of watercress commonly eaten in Thai salads and soups. It is used medicinally as a detoxifier to treat fever, food poisoning, and severe allergic reactions. It has also been shown to have some anti-tumor properties, and is being researched for its use as an anticarcinogen.

Preparation:The young leaves and stems are eaten raw, lightly steamed, or fried with chili sauce.

Wild Pepper Leaf

Piper sarmentosum

Chaa phluu

Action: Analgesic, Antispasmodic, Carminative, Digestive, Expectorant, Stomachic

Taste: Hot

Part Used: Leaf

Internal Application: The wild pepper leaf is a hot herb used traditionally to stimulate digestion, to treat flatulence, indigestion, diarrhea, and dysentery, and to ease bloated stomach, abdominal discomfort, and symptoms of irritable bowel and gastritis. It is also employed as a cold remedy, especially in the case of severe lung congestion.

Preparation: lea

Topical Application: The wild pepper leaf is well known as a muscle relaxant and is frequently applied to aches, pains, and sore muscles.

Preparation: Apply as poultice, or use in hot compress.

Woolly Grass, Itnperata

Imperata cylindrica

Yaa Khaa

Action: Antipyretic, Astringent, Diuretic, Hemostatic

Taste: Sweet

Part Used: Root

Internal Application: Woolly grass is used primarily as a hemostatic in the treatment of blood in the vomit, urine, or phlegm. It is also used for its diuretic properties in the treatment of fevers, urinary tract infections, kidney disease and stones, cystitis, blood in the urine, and vaginal discharge. The Hill-Tribes use this grass for genital, urinary, kidney, or bladder problems, kidney and gallbladder stones, sexually transmitted diseases, and topically on acne or skin infections.

Preparation: Decoction from 40-50 grams fresh root. Take 75 ml dose 3 times daily before meals.

 

A Compendium of Traditional Thai Herbal Medicine – T

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October 25, 2011 at 11:54 am

Tako Naa

Diospyros rhodocalyx

Action: Antiseptic, Tonic

Part Used: Stem

Internal Application: A relative of the ebony tree, tako naa is used to balance the four elements, as a longevity tonic, a mouthwash for toothache and gum disease, and a treatment for vaginal discharge. Preparation: Decoction, with a pinch of salt.

Tamarind

Tamaridus indica

Ma Khaam

Action: Anthelmintic, Antipyretic, Antiseptic, Astringent, Blood Tonic, Carminative, Digestive, Expectorant, Female Tonic, Laxative, Nutritive Tonic, Purgative, Refrigerant, Stimulant, Vulnerary

Taste: Sour (fruit, leaf, bark), Oily (seed)

Part Used: Whole plant

Internal Application: Tamarind is a common ingredient in Thai cuisine. The pulp of the fruit is cooked and added to soups and curries for flavor. The flowers, fruit, and young leaves are eaten in soups and curries. Unripe fruit is also candied and sold by street vendors coated with sugar, salt, and red chili flakes.

The fresh juice of the tamarind is the Thai equivalent of our prune juice and is a favorite remedy for constipation and fever. It is considered to be a blood purifier and is recommended for pregnancy and post-partum. Tea made from the young leaves and pods of the tamarind is a laxative and is used to treat colds and fevers. The flowers are said to lower blood pressure, and the bark is an astringent remedy for diarrhea and fever. The seeds of the tamarind are used as a purgative to expel tapeworms and other intestinal parasites, and are also recommended as a tonic for health, strength, and vigor.

Preparation: Eat 70-150 grams of fruit-pulp raw, or prepare juice by boiling pulp in water with a pinch of salt for 10-20 minutes. May be drunk hot or iced as needed. For purgative effect, dry-roast 30 seeds; soak in water until soft; eat. For colds and fevers, tea is made by steeping leaves.

Topical Application: The leaves of the tamarind are also frequently used topically to treat skin ulcers and sores. The juice and decoction of the bark are both useful astringents for general antiseptic treatment of the skin and are frequently applied directly to oily or infected skin before sauna or steam bath.

Preparation: Mash leaves with mortar and pestle. Apply as poultice to affected areas.

Thai Caper

Capparis micracantha

Ching-chee

Action: Antiseptic, Antipyretic, Bronchodilator, Carminative, Stomachic

Taste: Bitter

Part Used: Root, Stem, Leaf

Internal Application: The root of the Thai caper is used as a carminative, a stomachic, and a bronchodilator. The root and leaf are used to treat asthma, chest pain, skin disease and chicken pox, measles, and other fevers with symptoms on the skin. The Wat Po texts mention the Thai caper as a remedy for smallpox, delirium, poisoning, and eye diseases.

Preparation: Decoction

Topical Application: Decoction of the root may be used topically as an antibacterial. The leaf relieves muscle cramps.

Preparation: Poultice

Thao Yaanaang

Tiliacora triandra

Action: Analgesic, Antipyretic

Part Used: Root, Leaf

Internal Application: This herb is used in the Thai tradition to treat fevers. It is used by Hill-Tribes for sprains, bruises, sore muscles, and post-delivery to lessen pain and promote healing. Preparation: Decoction. Drink 3 times daily.

Thong Phan Chang

Rhinacanthus nasutus

Action: Anthelmintic, Antiparasitic, Antipyretic, Antiseptic, Blood Tonic, Diuretic, Laxative, Pectoral

Taste: Toxic

Part Used: Root, Leaf, Stem

Internal Application: Thong phan chang (pronounced “tong pan chang”) is used to treat fevers, sore throat, colds, and lung diseases such as bronchitis and tuberculosis. It lowers blood pressure and is therefore effective treatment for hypertension. Tea made from this herb has a laxative effect, is held to help back pain, and is useful to encourage passing of gallstones. The Wat Po texts recommend the leaf as a diuretic, laxative, and anthelmintic, and as a detoxifying remedy for fever, blood poisoning, skin disease, and cancer. It is said that thong phan chang must be collected between sunset and sunrise because sunlight destroys the potency of the plant.

Preparation: Tea or decoction.

Topical Application: A tincture made of thong pan chang leaves is used topically as a treatment for bacterial and fungal skin infections, rashes, ringworm, and other skin parasites.

Preparation: Pound leaves with mortar and pestle. Soak in alcohol for 7 days. Apply tincture topically to affected areas 3-4 times daily. Continue application for 1 week after ringworm has disappeared.

Ti Plant, Cordyline

Cordyline fruticosa

Maak phu maakmia

Action: Antirheumatic, Astringent, Hemostatic

Taste: Bland

Part Used: Leaf, Bud, Young Shoot

Internal Application: The ti plant is an astringent with a wide range of applications. It is a hemostatic, used traditionally to stop bleeding in cases of bloody vomit, stool, or urine. It is also employed to stop the coughing of blood associated with tuberculosis, to halt excessive menstruation, and to curtail internal bleeding of the organs, bruises, contusions, and hematoma. The ti plant may also be used for treatment of diarrhea, dysentery, arthritis, fever, and measles. As a gargle, it is effective against tooth and gum disease, bleeding gums, and halitosis.

Preparation: Tea

Tongkot Ali

Eurycoma longifolia

Plaa Lai Phueak

Action: Antiparasitic, Antipyretic, Antitussive, Aphrodisiac, Bitter Tonic, Male Tonic, Stimulant

Taste: Bitter

Part Used: Root

Internal Application: Traditionally, tongkat ali is used in Thai herbalism for treatment of colds, cough, fever, and low immunity. In other areas of Southeast Asia, it is used in a manner similar to ginseng as a male potency enhancer and aphrodisiac. The Wat Po texts mention the root as a remedy for poisoning, fever, dysentery, sunstroke, internal infections, tuberculosis, and as a topical application for skin parasites.

Preparation: Decoction. Drink morning and evening.

Toothbrush Tree, Siamese Rough Bush

Streblus asper

Khoi

Action: Analgesic, Antiparasitic, Antipyretic, Antiseptic, Antitumor, Appetizer, Astringent, Carminative, Digestive, Laxative, Tonic

Taste: Toxic

Part Used: Leaf, Stem, Wood

Internal Application: The toothbrush tree seed is a longevity tonic for the four elements. It is also a carminative and appetizer, used to stimulate digestion and combat flatulence. The bark of the stem has antidiarrheal and antipyretic properties, and is often used to combat dysentery and other cases of diarrhea accompanied by fever. Infusion of the toothbrush tree leaf is a laxative and is also taken to treat all varieties of bone disease. The heartwood is traditionally dried, cut into small pieces, wrapped in dried banana leaves, and smoked for treatment of inflamed nasal passages.

Preparation: Decoction

Topical Application: The toothbrush tree, as its name would suggest, is a popular traditional remedy for tooth and gum disease. It is also applied topically to kill ringworm and other skin parasites. Another common usage is for topical treatment of hemorrhoids. Preparation: For application to the mouth, make decoction by boiling a handful of bark with water and a pinch of salt; gargle 3-4 times daily. Or, make powder from dried bark; brush teeth and gums with powder. For application to the skin, mash fresh or dried bark with mortar and pestle. Mix with hot water to make paste; apply to affected areas. For hemorrhoids, mix paste with oil, cook. Let cool, and apply to affected area.

Note: This plant has recently been shown to have antitumor properties. Although it is not traditionally used to treat this disease, toothbrush tree is currently being studied as a treatment of cancer.

Turmeric

Curcuma longa

Khamin

Action: Alterative, Analgesic, Anthelmintic, Anti-inflammatory, Antipruritic,

Antirheumatic, Antiseptic, Antitussive, Astringent, Blood Tonic, Carminative, Cholagogue, Digestive, Emmenagogue, Hepatic, Stomachic, Tonic, Vulnerary

Taste: Hot

Part Used: Rhizome, Leaf

Internal Application: Turmeric is related to ginger and galangal, and shares some of the properties of these plants. Turmeric is used as a digestive stimulant and is often used as an adjuvant with preparations for gastrointestinal complaints, as it aids in treatment of flatulence, peptic ulcers, indigestion, irritable bowel, and gastritis. It is said to lower blood sugar and is therefore used for diabetes and hypoglycemia. Turmeric is also a remedy for cough, arthritis, chronic back pain, and painful or blocked menstruation. Turmeric leaves may be used as an antidote for food poisoning and for treatment of hepatitis, as it has a detoxifying effect on the blood, digestive tract, and liver, and regulates the body’s secretion of hormones.

Preparation: Decoction from fresh rhizome or fire-roasted leaves. Drink after meals. The rhizome can also be dried and powdered. Take 500 mg powder with honey 4 times daily, with meals and before bed. Juice can also be extracted from the fresh rhizome. Young shoots and flowers are sometimes steamed and eaten with chili sauce.

Topical Application: The turmeric rhizome relives itching and swelling, and has a slight antiseptic effect. It therefore can be used topically on insect bites, rashes, allergic reactions, hives, and superficial wounds. It is also used as an anti-inflammatory for bruises and sprains. Preparation: Mash fresh rhizome with mortar and pestle, or use powder. Mix with small amount of water to make paste; apply to affected areas.

Turkish Rhubarb, Chinese Rhubarb

Rheum palmatum

Action: Alterative, Anthelmintic, Antiemetic, Antipyretic, Antiseptic, Astringent, Cardiac, Carminative, Cholagogue, Emmenagogue, Laxative, Nervine, Purgative, Stimulant, Stomachic

Taste: Astringent

Part Used: Root, Stem

Internal Application: Turkish rhubarb is well known in Eastern and Western herbalism. In large doses, it is an effective laxative, used traditionally in Thailand for treatment of constipation and flatulence and for detoxification of the colon. In lesser doses, Turkish rhubarb is used as an astringent to treat diarrhea and as a hemostatic to stop internal bleeding, bloody vomit, blood-shot eyes, and hemorrhoids. It is considered to be beneficial for the heart and brain, and is a stimulant for the production of bile. Rhubarb is also used in Western herbalism to treat nausea and blocked or irregular menstruation.

Preparation: Make powder from dried roots, stalks. Take 1 tsp dose for laxative; 1/4 tsp dose for other complaints. Use 1/4 tsp ginger or licorice as adjuvant to prevent stomach cramping. Caution: While the roots and stalks of most rhubarb are edible, the leaves are poisonous.

 

A Compendium of Traditional Thai Herbal Medicine – S

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October 25, 2011 at 11:51 am

Safflower

Carthamus tinctorius

Dawg Kum Foy

Action: Alterative, Antirheumatic, Cardiac, Carminative, Diaphoretic, Diuretic, Emmenagogue, Laxative, Male Tonic, Tonic, Stimulant

Taste: Hot

Part Used: Flower, Seed

Internal Application: Dried safflower is a tonic, especially for the heart and the circulatory and nervous systems. Because of its beneficial effect on the circulation, it is used to treat cases of male sexual dysfunction and to encourage regularity in cases of blocked, irregular, or painful menstruation. The flower is used as a calmative in cases of stress, anxiety, and panic attacks. It is also an effective therapy for colds, arthritis, and constipation. The seed is a purgative and expectorant, and may also be used to encourage menstruation and to lower cholesterol.

Preparation: Tea from 1 tsp dried flowers. Drink twice daily.

Topical Application: Safflower is used topically as an antibacterial, as well as to ease inflammation, arthritis, pinched nerves, and sciatica.

Preparation: Oil from the seeds is mixed with equal parts vegetable oil and alcohol. Massage affected parts with oil, or add to compress.

Salet Phangphon

Clinacanthus nutans

Action: Antipruritic

Part Used: Leaf

Topical Application: A tincture of salet phangphon (pronounced “sah-let pang-pon”) is used topically to soothe skin ulcers, herpes, allergic rash, hives, shingles, burns, insect and snake bites.

Preparation: Mash 10-20 fresh leaves with mortar and pestle. Soak in alcohol for 1 week, stirring daily. Strain; apply tincture as needed to affected areas. For snake or poisonous insect bite, use 20-30 leaves, pounded with alcohol. Apply paste immediately to bite for 30 minutes.

Sandalwood Tree

Adenanthera pavonina

MaklamTah Chang

Action: Alterative, Anti-inflammatory, Antipruritic, Antipyretic, Antiseptic, Bitter Tonic, Blood Tonic, Hemostatic, Refrigerant, Sedative

Taste: Bitter

Part Used: Wood, Essential oil

Internal Application: Sandalwood is taken internally to treat fever and to detoxify the blood. It is used by Hill-Tribes to revive unconscious patients and as a tonic.

Preparation: Decoction of wood.

Topical Application: Sandalwood paste is used by many in South Asia as a topical refrigerant. In many places, a small smudge is applied over the third eye or on the forehead to cool the entire body and to lessen sweating. These smudges have taken on religious symbolism in India and are used to differentiate different Hindu sects. Sandalwood paste is not used in this way in Thailand, although sandalwood oil is a frequent ingredient in soaps, shampoos, and fragrances, all of which have the same cooling effect on the body. Sandalwood may also be applied to dermatitis, herpes and infection, and inflammation of the skin.

Preparation: The Ayurvedic recipe for sandalwood paste calls for 4 oz (120 grams) sandalwood powder in 1 pint (500 ml) water. Let sit overnight. Combine with 1 pint (500 ml) coconut oil and cook without boiling over a low flame until water has evaporated.

Sarapee

Ochrocarpus siamensis (synonym Mammea siamensis)

Action: Blood Tonic, Cardiac, Tonic

Taste: Aromatic

Part Used: Flower

Internal Application: The sarapee flower is used as a tonic for the heart, blood, and circulatory system. It is especially recommended as a longevity tonic for older adults.

Preparation: Drink tea, or add to sauna or steam bath.

Satinwood

Orange Jasmine, China Box Tree Murray a paniculata

Kaew

Action: Anti-inflammatory

Part Used: Leaf

Topical Application: A tincture of satinwood is used topically as an anti-inflammatory. It soothes sprains, joint pain, bone pain, contusions, toothaches, and swollen, painful insect and snake bites.

Preparation: Mash 15 leaves with mortar and pestle. Soak in alcohol 3-5 minutes; strain. Apply tincture to affected areas on skin or mouth.

Sea Holly

Acanthus ebracteatus

Ngueak plea mo

Action: Antiseptic, Diuretic, Tonic

Part Used: Whole plant

Internal Application: The leaf of the sea holly is combined 2 parts to 1 with black pepper as a longevity tonic. The seed is anthelmintic. The juice is used as a hair tonic. The whole plant is a diuretic used to treat kidney and bladder stones.

Preparation: Decoction

Topical Application: The whole plant is used as a topical antibacterial.

Preparation: Poultice

Sea Salt

Glaur Talay

Action: Antiseptic, Laxative, Purgative

Taste: Salty

Internal Application: Sea salt is used in Thai medicine as a gargle for mouth sores and infections. A sea salt solution may be drunk twice daily as a laxative, to purge the digestive system of excessive mucous, and to encourage drainage of lymph. The same solution may be used as a disinfectant eyewash, gargle, nasal wash, or enema, and may be swallowed and vomited up to remove mucous or foreign matter from the stomach.

Preparation: Drink 3 tbs sea salt in 1 pint (500 ml) lukewarm water.

Sensitive Plant

Mimosa pudica, Mimosa hispida

Naiyaraap (M. pud lie a), Rangap (M. hispida)

Action: Analgesic, Diuretic

Part Used: Whole plant

Internal Application: The whole plant is decocted and taken internally by many Hill-Tribes as a diuretic for kidney dysfunction and/or stones. Sensitive plant also is used in the Thai tradition to treat anemia, jaundice, and emaciation. The root is a remedy for dysentery. A tincture in alcohol is used to lower high blood sugar levels.

Preparation: Decoction

Topical Application: Sensitive plant is used topically for aching muscles.

Preparation: Poultice or hot compress.

Sesame Seeds

Sesamum indicum

Nga

Action: Antirheumatic, Demulcent, Emmenagogue, Emollient, Laxative, Nutritive Tonic

Taste: Oily

Part Used: Seed, Oil

Internal Application: In Thai medicine, sesame seeds are recommended dietary supplements for sufferers of joint problems, tooth decay, and bone weakness. Sesame promotes strength and increases body warmth and is therefore a nutritive tonic as part of the daily diet. As a demulcent, sesame seed is also taken in cases of cough, constipation, hemorrhoids, and painful or blocked menstruation.

Preparation: Eat seeds raw or dry-roasted, or use sesame oil. Seeds or oil may be added to salads, vegetables, and other dishes as an alternative to less-beneficial oils such as peanut or vegetable-based oils frequently used in Asian cuisine.

Shorea

Shorea roxburghii

Phayom

Action: Astringent

Part Used: Flower

Internal Application: Shorea flowers are used to treat diarrhea, bloody stool, or other excessive discharge.

Preparation: Flowers can be eaten raw or steamed with chili sauce. They are frequently eaten with fried eggs or in the hot and sour soup called “kaeng som.” Shorea is also a typical ingredient in betel-nut preparations, which are chewed as a general stimulant in many areas of South Asia.

Soap Nut, Soap Berry

Sapindus rarak

Makham Dee Khwai

Action: Antiparasitic, Antipruritic, Antipyretic, Antiseptic, Bitter Tonic

Taste: Bitter

Part Used: Seed, Fruit

Internal Application: The seed of the soap nut tree is traditionally used for treatment of fever and food poisoning, and is considered to be a bitter tonic. The Wat Po texts mention the pulp of the soap nut fruit as an antibacterial used in making ear drops.

Topical Application: The soap nut fruit was at one time used in South Asia as a natural soap and still is an ingredient in natural herbal soaps and shampoos. In Thailand, the soap nut is used medicinally to counter itching of the skin such as in the case of allergic reactions, hives, rashes, and dandruff. It is also used as a skin tonic and as a remedy for ringworm.

Preparation: Make decoction from 4-5 de-pitted and crushed fruits. Apply decoction to skin or scalp twice daily.

Aganonerion polymorphum

Somlom

Action: Digestive, Laxative, Stomachic

Taste: Sour

Part Used: Root, Leaf

Internal Application: Decoction of the root is used to treat abdominal cramps, intestinal pain, stomachache, indigestion, irritable bowel, and gastritis. The leaf has a laxative effect as well and has a tangy lemon-like flavor that tastes great in soups or curries.

Preparation: Decoction of root. Eat leaves raw or cooked. A traditional rural recipe for a delicious laxative soup calls for somlom leaves stewed with galangal, garlic, and chili peppers.

Star Anise, Chinese Anise

Illicium verum

Poy kak

Action: Analgesic, Antispasmodic, Antitussive, Carminative, Digestive, Emmenagogue, Expectorant, Sedative, Stomachic

Taste: Hot and Sweet

Part Used: Seed, Pod

Internal Application: Anise is mainly a digestive and stomachic used to counter flatulence, indigestion, irritable bowel, gastritis, and other stomach or intestinal cramping. It is gentle enough to use safely with children and infants. Star anise is a useful cold remedy for cases of dry cough, congestion, flu, and sore throat. As an expectorant, it is especially useful in cases of bronchitis, asthma, and other respiratory infections. It is an excellent remedy for insomnia and promotes regular menstruation.

Preparation: Make tea with 3-4 star-shaped pods, or 1 tsp dried seeds. Drink after meals.

Stevid, Sweet Leaf

Stevia rebaudiana

Yaa Wann

Action: Adjuvant

Taste: Sweet

Part Used: Leaf

Internal Application: This leaf is a native of Brazil and Paraguay but is currently grown widely in South East Asia and China as a sugar substitute for diabetics, hypoglycemics, and weight-conscious individuals. By weight, it is up to 300 times sweeter than sugar but has virtually no calories. Diabetics and hypoglycemics should always use stevia as a sweetener in herbal teas rather than honey or sugar, as it does not cause spikes in blood sugar.

Preparation: Use the dried and powdered leaf as you would use sugar. Alternatively, a sweetening syrup may be made by boiling stevia in a small amount of water. Use up to 1 gram per day.

Sting-Roy

Pla Kraben

Action:Female Tonic, Nutritive Tonic

Taste: Salty

Part Used: Tail of  Dasyatis bleekeri

Internal Application: The meat of the sting-ray’s tail is prized for its tonic properties in a way similar to the blue crab (see Blue Crab). It is typically eaten by children to prevent a host of childhood illnesses and by new mothers for tonification of uterus and other female reproductive organs after pregnancy.

Preparation: Eat steamed.

Sugar Apple, Sweet Sop, Custard Apple

Annona squamosa

Noinae

Action: Antiparasitic

Taste: Toxic (leaf, seed), Sweet (fruit)

Part Used: Leaf, Seed

Internal Application: A popular fruit in northern Thailand, the sugar apple is used medicinally for treatment of lice.

Preparation: Grind 8-12 seeds or 15 g fresh leaves to a powder. Mix 1 part powder with 2 parts coconut oil. Apply to hair, and wrap with cloth. After a half hour, wash thoroughly. Repeat once a day for 2-3 days to kill lice and eggs. This preparation may also be used to kill ringworm and other skin parasites.

Caution: This preparation is toxic and is an irritant to the eyes and other mucous membranes. Use with care.

Sugar Cane

Saccharum spp. Oi Daeng

Action: Adjuvant, Antitussive, Demulcent

Taste: Sweet

Part Used: Various types of sugar and their uses follow

Internal Application: Sugar cane (S. officinarum) is commonly available from vendors in the streets of South Asia. Whereas in India, traveling cane-presses allow a thirsty visitor to enjoy a fresh-squeezed glass of juice, in Thailand, iced sugar cane is sold in bite-sized chunks. The cane is chewed, and the woody pulp is spat out when the juice has been extracted. Any way it is eaten, there are few things more pleasurable on a hot sticky day than fresh sugar cane.

Traditionally, sugar is added as an adjuvant to herbal teas to soothe the throat and to make the taste more palatable. Different types of sugar will be added depending on the symptoms. Fresh sugar cane juice is added to treat fever, sore throat, cough, congestion, bladder infections, urinary tract infections, low energy, low immunity, chronic disease, chronic fatigue, and emaciation. Raw, unrefined sugar is added to herbal teas that treat fever and lymph problems. Rock sugar is added to treatments for fevers, colds, and sore throat. Juice of the black sugar cane (S. sinense) is a diuretic used in remedies for kidney disorders and venereal diseases.

Preparation: Sugar cane juice can be extracted with a press specifically made for that purpose or can be bought in cans or bottles at Asian groceries. If using granulated sugar, only use raw, unrefined sugar (such as Turbinado or “Sugar in the Raw”™). Never use common white or brown sugar, which have no medicinal qualities. For medicinal use of black sugar cane, take juice of 70-90 g fresh cane or 30-40 g dried, 3 times daily before meals.

Sugar Palm

Arenga spp. Dtao

Action: Adjuvant, Demulcent

Taste: Sweet

Part Used: Sap

Internal Application: Palm sugar, also known as jaggery, is added as an adjuvant to herbal teas that treat colds, sore throat, and congestion.

Sulfur

Gum Matun

Action: Antiparasitic

Taste: Toxic

Topical Application: Sulfur paste is applied topically to fungal infections, acne, ringworm, scabies, and other skin parasites. It is also commonly used in Thailand to treat mange on dogs.

Preparation: Apply paste topically on affected areas. Powder may be applied dry or with petroleum jelly.

 

A Compendium of Traditional Thai Herbal Medicine – Q

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October 25, 2011 at 11:48 am

Railroad Vine, Goat’s Foot Creeper

Ipomoea pes-carprae

Phakbung Talae

Action: Antipruritic

Part Used: Leaf

Topical Application: Railroad vine is applied topically to soothe insect bites, inflammation, allergic reactions, hives, and rashes. It also relieves the painful sting of jellyfish.

Preparation:found leaves with mortar and pestle. Mix with a bit of water or alcohol to make paste. (If for jellyfish stings, use distilled vinegar.) Strain, and apply liquid topically to affected areas.

Rangoon Creeper

Quisqualis indica, Quisqualis densiflora

Lep Mue Naang

Action: Anthelmintic

Taste: Toxic

Part Used: Seed

Internal Application: Rangoon creeper is a purgative traditionally used to expel tapeworms and other intestinal parasites. It is recommended for children, as it is not too strong for their digestive tracts.

Preparatiomlbe kernels must be extracted from dried ripe seeds. Boil kernels in water (adult dosage 5-7 seeds, children 2-3). Strain; drink water before breakfast. Or grind dried kernels; mix with fried eggs.

Caution: Take only with cold water. Warm water may cause nausea.

Reishi Mushroom, Lingzhi Mushroom

Ganodarma lucidum

Hed Lhin-Jeu

Action: Hepatic, Tonic

Part Used: Mushroom caps

Internal Application: Reishi mushroom can be found in any herb market in Thailand. It has long been prized in Thai medicine, and is one of the most revered herbs in China. Reishi is traditionally used to tonify chi(energy), and to enhance the immune system. It is commonly used in rebuilding therapies, to strengthen and revitalize after illness, and during changes in the seasons. It has been shown to possess antiviral and antibacterial action, and to support cardiovascular and liver function. In China, it is also used to combat altitude sickness and to enhance athletic performance. This herb is also used to treat cancer, diabetes, hypoglycemia, hypertension, and chronic heart disease.

Preparation: Decoction

 

A Compendium of Traditional Thai Herbal Medicine – P

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October 25, 2011 at 11:46 am

Pineapple

Ananas cososus

Sapparot

Action: Anti-inflammatory, Antitussive, Blood Tonic, Diuretic, Expectorant, Female Tonic, Hepatic, Nervine, Nutritive Tonic, Stomachic

Taste: Sour

Part Used: Fruit, Rhizome

Internal Application: The rhizome of the pineapple plant is a diuretic recommended for those suffering from kidney diseases, kidney stones, bladder infections, and urinary tract infections. Pineapple fruit juice is recommended for inflammatory internal diseases, diseases of the liver, and cough or cold with congestion. It is a nutritive tonic for convalescence and is said to detoxify the entire system. It is also recommended for diseases

of the uterus and for post-partum tonification and strengthening of the female reproductive organs. The fruit juice is used in treatment of depression, and due to the vitamin content, has an especially beneficial effect on the brain and nervous system. The Hill-Tribes take pineapple juice to treat stomachache and use it topically on warts, rashes, and dermatitis.

Preparation: Eat fruit raw, or drink juice. Pineapple shoots and fruit are used in curries, soups, and stirfries.

Plantain

Plantago major

PhakKaatNam

Action: Alterative, Antitussive, Astringent, Demulcent, Digestive, Diuretic, Expectorant, Hemostatic, Stomachic, Vulnerary

Taste: Astringent

Part Used: Whole plant

Internal Application: The fresh juice from the whole plant is drunk as a diuretic to treat bladder or urinary tract infections and kidney stones. It is an expectorant to help clear up cough, laryngitis, sore throat, and any other respiratory problems. It soothes digestive problems, peptic ulcers, and gastritis. As an astringent, it is used to counter mucous or blood in the stool, sputum, or vaginal discharge.

Preparation: Drink 1-2 cups of fresh plantain juice daily.

Topical Application: Apply fresh juice to dermatitis, sores, wounds, insect bites, and allergic skin eruptions. Hill-Tribes use a poultice of plantain over broken bones, and chew the plant for toothache.

Plumbago, Leadwort

Plumbago zelyanica (White Leadwort), Plumbago rosea (Rose Leadwort), Plumbago indica (Indian Leadwort)

Chettamuun Phloeng Khaao (White Leadwort), Chettamuun Phloeng

Daenng (Rose Leadwort, Indian Leadwort)

Action: Blood Tonic, Diaphoretic, Diuretic, Emmenagogue, Female Tonic, Stomachic

Taste: Hot

Part Used: Root, Bark

Internal Application: As it stimulates the Fire element and warms the body, the root of either type of plumbago is used as a carminative to stimulate digestion and as a diaphoretic. The root and/or bark of the plumbago may be used to treat cases of blocked or infrequent menstruation and to increase female fertility, although it is also an abortifacient, and should never be taken during pregnancy. Plumbago is also used to detoxify the blood and is prized by some Hill-Tribes as a general longevity tonic. The root of the rose leadwort is also used to treat hemorrhoids. The aerial parts of either plant are used in treatment of kidney disease, kidney cramps, and accompanying back pain.

Preparation: Decoction.

Caution: Plumbago may cause miscarriage and should be strictly avoided by pregnant women.

Pomegranate

Punka granatum

Tubtim

Action: Alterative, Anthelmintic, Antipyretic, Astringent, Galactogogue, Refrigerant, Stomachic, Tonic

Taste: Astringent (fruit), Toxic (root bark)

Part Used: Fruit, Root

Internal Application: Fresh pomegranate juice is an astringent and a refrigerant, and is used to lower the body’s temperature in cases of fever. The rind of the pomegranate is a strong astringent used to treat diarrhea, dysentery, blood or mucous in the stool, and food poisoning. The bark of the root is effective in purging tapeworm and other intestinal parasites. The Wat Po texts mention pomegranate flowers as a tonic to improve the quality of breast milk.

Preparation: For diarrhea, prepare decoction by boiling dried rind of V4 fruit in 1 cup (250 ml) boiling water with a pinch of quicklime. Take once or twice daily. For purgative, decoction of root bark may be taken in the morning for up to 10 days. For dysentery and chronic diarrhea, use the famous “Five Parts” recipe: young leaves, fruit, flowers, stem and root. Always use cloves with pomegranate as an adjuvant to lessen the unpleasant side effects such as headache and/or nausea that occur at proper dosage.

Topical Application: Fresh pomegranate juice may be used topically as an astringent and antifungal, or as a gargle for sore throat or mouth sores.

Preparation: The entire fruit (without the peel) may be liquefied in a blender and strained. Apply juice directly to affected areas.

Caution: Large doses of root bark may be toxic.

Pomelo

Citrus maximus

Som Oh

Action: Antipruritic

Taste: Sour

Part Used: Leaf

Topical Application: Pomelo fruit looks like a huge green grapefruit. The rind is thicker, and the pulp is much larger, but the flavor is similar to the pink grapefruits we know in the West. Pomelo fruit is eaten by itself or mixed with roasted garlic, onions, chili, and peanuts to make a tangy and delectable salad. Decoction of the leaf of the pomelo is used for dandruff and dry, brittle hair. It may also be added to the sauna for the same purposes.

Preparation: Decoction, steam bath, or sauna.

Pumpkin

Cucurbita moschata

Fak Thong

Action: Anthelmintic, Aphrodisiac, Diuretic, Tonic

Taste: Bland

Part Used: Seed, Root

Internal Application: Stewed with coconut milk and palm sugar, sauteed with red curry paste, or stir-fried with Chinese vegetables, pumpkin is a common ingredient in Thai entrees and sweets. The seeds are used traditionally in Eastern and Western herbalism to purge tapeworm and other intestinal parasites from the gastrointestinal tract. The Thai system holds pumpkin root to be an aphrodisiac and tonic.

Preparation: Fire roast 60 grams of seeds. Mash with mortar and pestle. Mix seeds with 500 ml water or milk. Drink 73 of this mixture 3 times at intervals of 2 hours. After final dose, follow up with a laxative such as castor oil or other laxative herbs found in this collection.

Note: This pumpkin is closely related to the jack-o-lantern pumpkin, C. pepo, which may be substituted where necessary.

Purple Alhltnanda, Laurel-Leaved Thunbergia

Thunbergia laurifolia

Rang Juad

Action: Antiallergic, Antipyretic, Blood Tonic, Carminative, Digestive, Diuretic

Taste: Bland

Part Used: Leaf

Internal Application: Purple allamanda is most commonly used in the Thai tradition as a detoxifying agent. It purifies the blood and is therefore used as an antidote to all kinds of poisonous food or chemicals. Some Hill-Tribes prescribe it for poisonous snake or insect bites. Its detoxifying properties make it the preferred treatment of hangovers, and it is prescribed daily for countering the cirrhosis associated with alcoholism. Purple allamanda is also useful in treating indigestion, flatulence, diarrhea, mucous or blood in the stool, and intestinal parasites. It is also prescribed as a remedy for fever, allergies, and asthma, and is recommended for diabetes and hypoglycemia, as it reputedly lowers blood sugar. This plant is mentioned in the Wat Po texts as a remedy for vomiting in infants, for blocked or irregular menstruation, gonorrhea, sores on the tongue and mouth, as a diuretic, and as a poultice for burns. Preparation: Decoction.

 

A Compendium of Traditional Thai Herbal Medicine – O

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October 25, 2011 at 11:43 am

Opium Poppy

Papaver somniferum (synonym: Papaveris somniferi)

Fin

Action: Analgesic, Antispasmodic, Antitussive, Astringent, Diaphoretic, Expectorant, Nervine, Sedative, Stimulant

Taste: Toxic

Part Used: Flower, Seed

Internal Application: While opium addiction and narcotics trafficking are two of Thailand’s most pressing social problems, the opium poppy has long been held in esteem by traditional herbalists for its potent medicinal effects. Taken internally, opium is one of the most effective natural anesthetics, and it is traditionally employed to these purposes in rural Thailand where modern anesthetics are unavailable. In small doses, opium is a mild stimulant. In larger doses, it is used as a temporary calmative in severe cases of anxiety or panic attacks. Opium is also mentioned in the Wat Po texts as a very effective remedy for cough, diarrhea, dysentery, rectal bleeding, and hemorrhoids. The seeds of the poppy, commonly available commercially in the West, have an astringent effect and are taken to treat diarrhea and dysentery.

Preparation:The juice of the poppy flower head is extracted by incision. The juice is dried to make resin and is then smoked, eaten, or applied topically. The seeds of the poppy are dry-roasted and ground to a fine powder to be taken by the teaspoon.

Topical Application: A poultice of opium resin is used topically as a local analgesic for management of pain and soothing of muscle spasms. It may be applied to the temples to alleviate headache.

Caution: This herb is presented here in the context of traditional Thai herbalism. The dangers of overdose and addiction are such that the use of opium poppy is not recommended by the author of this collection.

Oroxylum

Oroxylum indicum

Phae Kaa

Action: Anti-inflammatory, Antipyretic, Antirheumatic, Antitussive, Astringent, Expectorant, Female Tonic, Stomachic, Vulnerary

Taste: Astringent

Part Used: Whole plant

Internal Application: Oroxylum bark tea is used traditionally as a uterine tonic after childbirth. It is also used in treatment of diarrhea, arthritis, and measles. Oroxylum seeds and bark are prescribed in cases of sore throat and cough, especially when accompanied by chills, fever, or other cold symptoms. The root, stem and bark is an antidiarrheal and a tonic for the four elements. This herb is extremely popular among the Hill-Tribes, who use it for treatment of indigestion, stomachache, inflammation, kidney and bladder disease, spleen disease, malaria, and cancer.

Preparation:Make decoction from 100 grams bark in 172 pints (750 ml) water; take 1 tbsdose 2 times daily for 7-8 days. Or simmer 2-3 grams dried seeds in 1 pint (500 ml) water for 1 hour; strain; drink decoction in 1 day separated into 3 doses after meals. The young leaves may be eaten raw, and the green pods are sometimes added to curries to aid in digestion.

Topical Application: The Hill-Tribes apply a poultice of oroxylum to broken bones, burns, rashes, dermatitis, cuts, wounds, and muscle pain.

Caution: Oroxylum acts as an abortifacient and should be strictly avoided by pregnant mothers.

Otaheite Gooseberry, Star Gooseberry

Phyllanthus acidus

Ma-yom

Action: Antipyretic

Taste: Sour

Part Used: Fruit

Internal Application: Otaheite gooseberries are traditionally eaten for cases of fever, chronic thirst, and measles.

Preparation: Eat fruit raw, dipped in a mix of salt, sugar, and chili. The raw leaves may be eaten as well.

Oyster

Huynarom

Action: Carminative, Digestive, Diuretic

Taste: Salty

Part Used: Shell of Ostrea spp.

Internal Application: Ground oyster shells are a traditional treatment for kidney stones, flatulence, and indigestion. Due to the high calcium content of the shell, it is also recommended as a dietary supplement for those with bone disease or fractures.

Preparation: Oyster shell is readily available in capsule form in most vitamin and herbal supplement stores.

Pandanus, Screw Pine

Pandanus tectorius, Pandanus odoratissimus

Toey Hawm

Action: Antipyretic, Cardiac, Carminative, Digestive, Diuretic, Expectorant

Taste: Sweet

Part Used: Root, Flower

Internal Application: The male pandanus flower is a tonic for the heart. The root is a diuretic used to help expel kidney or bladder stones. It also reduces fever, mucous congestion, and relieves indigestion and flatulence.

Preparation: Decoction.

Papaya

Carica papaya

Malakor

Action: Anthelmintic, Antioxidant, Antirheumatic, Antitumor, Cardiac, Digestive, Diuretic, Emmenagogue, Laxative, Nutritive Tonic, Stomachic, Vulnerary

Taste: Hot (seed), Sweet (fruit)

Part Used: Seed, Fruit, Leaf, Root

Internal Application: Papaya is a digestion stimulant which aids in assimilating food due to the large amount of the enzyme papain present in the fruit. The enzyme is so effective that, in many parts of the tropics, tough meat is soaked overnight in a marinade that contains papaya pulp or juice as a tenderizer. Papaya also contains large quantities of vitamins A and C, well known antioxidants. The fruit of the papaya is eaten both ripe and unripe. While the unripe fruit is a digestive, the ripe fruit and the seeds are mild laxatives taken medicinally to treat constipation, indigestion, flatulence, and cramping of the intestines. Papaya seed, with a powerful spicy flavor, is also used to purge dysentery and other parasites of the gastrointestinal tract. The root is a diuretic used to treat venereal diseases such as gonorrhea. Papaya is recommended as part of the daily diet for cases of arthritis, allergies, asthma, hypertension, chronic anxiety, influenza, toothaches, and cancerous tumors. Either the seeds or the fruit may be taken as a general tonic for low immunity, low energy, chronic fatigue, and wasting diseases.

Preparation: Eat papaya fruit in the morning on an empty stomach, or take 1 tsp seeds after meals.

Topical Application: The leaf of the papaya is used topically on wounds, skin ulcers, and other sores, as it cleanses and speeds healing. Papaya rind is also used in preparations for skin and hair.

Preparation: Bruise leaves with mortar and pestle; apply topically to affected areas.

Paracress, Spilanthes

Spilanthes acmella

Phak Khraat Hua Wan

Action: Analgesic, Antiemetic, Antipyretic, Antirheumatic, Antiseptic, Appetizer, Carminative, Digestive, Stomachic

Part Used: Whole plant

Internal Application: Paracress tea is a digestion stimulant. It is useful in cases of flatulence, nausea, and vomiting, and is also prescribed for fever, arthritis, and gout. Mixed with vinegar, it makes a mild antiseptic for mouth sores and sore throat. The stems are also chewed for toothache and are sometimes given to children with speech disorders such as stuttering. Paracress is said to cure these problems, as well as paralysis of the tongue and general weakness of the mouth.

Preparation: Tea. For toothache, stems and flowers may be pounded with a mortar and pestle, mixed with a pinch of salt, and chewed.

Peppermint

Mentha piperita, Mentha cordifolia, Mentha arvensis

Saranae

Action: Analgesic, Antiemetic, Antispasmodic, Antitussive, Aphrodisiac, Appetizer, Carminative, Cholagogue, Diaphoretic, Digestive, Expectorant, Nervine, Refrigerant, Sedative, Stomachic, Tonic

Taste: Hot and Aromatic

Part Used: Leaf

Internal Application: Peppermint tea is a general digestion stimulant and is the preferred treatment for stomach spasms or pains, nausea, abdominal cramps, indigestion, irritable bowel syndrome, and gastritis. Tea or inhalation is prescribed to treat cough. Peppermint has a calming effect on the nervous system, and the vapor is used with success in the treatment of nervousness, insomnia, and stress-related or migraine headaches.

Preparation: Tea or inhalation 2-3 times daily. Drink tea after meals.

Note: M. piperita is preferred over the other two varieties, as its effects are stronger.

Oenanthe stolonifera

Phak Chee Lom

Action: Antiemetic, Antipruritic, Antitussive, Carminative, Diaphoretic, Purgative

Part Used: Whole plant

Internal Application: Phak chee lom is used in decoction as a carminative to treat asthma, cough, and bronchitis. It is a diaphoretic which detoxifies the skin through inducement of sweating. It is considered to be a purgative with no laxative action and is also used to counter nausea and vomiting.

Preparation: Decoction

Topical Application: This plant is used in the traditional sauna or steam bath for treatment of skin infections, allergies, and hives. Preparation: See Chapter IVfor more information.

 

A Compendium of Traditional Thai Herbal Medicine – N

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October 25, 2011 at 11:41 am

Neem

Azadirachta indica

Sadao

Action: Alterative, Anthelmintic, Antiemetic, Antihistamine, Antiparasitic, Antipyretic, Antiseptic, Astringent, Bitter Tonic, Blood Tonic, Expectorant, Stimulant, Stomachic, Vulnerary

Taste: Bitter

Part Used: Whole plant

Internal Application: The neem tree is a natural pharmacy in and of itself, and is prized by the Thai system, the Ayurvedic tradition of India, and indeed throughout Asia, as an essential source of herbal medicine. The bark of the stem is used as an astringent to treat dysentery and diarrhea. The bark of the root is used as an expectorant, a bitter tonic, and an antimalarial. The heartwood effectively treats nausea, vomiting, and parasites, and is used to calm chronic anxiety and stress, and delirium due to high fever. The fruit is an astringent anthelmintic which treats intestinal parasites, hemorrhoids, and malaria. The young shoots, leaves, and flowers are used as a bitter tonic for detoxification of blood, for treatment of vomiting, stomach pain, indigestion, fever, and malaria. Decoction of these parts is also a general internal antibacterial, antiviral, and diuretic used frequently treat dysentery, diarrhea, and parasites. Chewing the stems is said to stimulate the appetite, and the Wat Po texts mention the seed as a mild stimulant and as a treatment for poisoning.

Preparation: Decoction can be made from any part of the neem. Alternatively, the northern Thais make a delicious appetizer by stirfrying the flowers and leaves with chili sauce.

Topical Indication: The young stems of the neem tree are used throughout South Asia as a toothbrush. The ends of the stem are chewed until fine and stringy, and are then rubbed against the teeth and gums to cleanse and stimulate. Neem oil is used in natural toothpaste preparations and may also be used as a mouthwash or gargle on a daily basis. It is an antiseptic for mouth sores, gum disease, oral infections, and abscesses. (See mouthwash and tooth powder recipes in Herbs in Cosmetics) Due to its antibacterial properties, the oil of the neem tree is a common additive to soap, and may also be dropped into the ear canal to treat infections. Applied to the skin, the leaf, seed, and/or oil cures fungal infections, eczema, acne and scabies, lice, ringworm, and other skin parasites, and may safely be used as a vaginal douche for infections. Hill-Tribes use neem for dermatitis, rash, and warts. Neem oil is often used in cosmetic skin preparations to enhance skin tone, elasticity, and youthfulness. It is also an effective insecticide.

Preparation: Essential neem oil may be added to fragrance-free skin lotion or to olive oil. Use 5% — 10% neem oil. Neem tea for use as a mouthwash can be made with fresh stems or pure essential oil, but be sure to dilute well, as the flavor is intensely bitter. The tea may also be used as a hair rinse, vaginal douche, or skin toner. (for additional ideas.)

Night Jasmine, Coral Jasmine

Nyctanthes arbortristis

Kanika

Action: Antipyretic, Appetizer, Cholagogue, Laxative, Tonic

Taste: Aromatic

Part Used: Whole plant

Internal Application: While not properly a species of jasmine, the night jasmine has many of the same medicinal properties as Jasminum officinale. The flower is used to treat fever and vertigo, and was used traditionally to make a saffron-colored dye used for monks’ robes. Decoction of the stem relieves headache. The leaf is a cholagogue, stimulating appetite and enhancing digestion by increasing the production of bile. The root is a laxative and a tonic which balances the four elements.

Preparation: Mash fresh flowers, leaf, and/or root with mortar and pestle, adding a bit of water to make a paste. Strain; take liquid 1-3 times daily before meals. Flowers may also be added to sauna or steam bath.

Notli, Indian Mulberry

Morinda citrifolia

Yo Baan

Action: Alterative, Analgesic, Antiemetic, Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidant, Antitumor, Digestive, Emmenagogue, Nutritive Tonic, Stomachic

Part Used: Fruit

Internal Application: In Thailand, the unripe noni fruit is traditionally used as a digestive and to counter nausea and vomiting. This fruit is widely known throughout the Pacific islands, however, as a universal panacea, and its popularity is growing worldwide. Noni has been used successfully for treating colds, tuberculosis, flu, asthma, indigestion, gastritis, chronic constipation, and internal parasites, as well as for bladder, kidney, and urinary tract infections and disease. It is a rich source of vitamin C and other antioxidants, and is used as a nutritive tonic to boost the immune system. The noni fruit is also a tonic for the respiratory system, controls high blood pressure, treats diabetes and hypoglycemia, and has been shown to retard the growth of tumors and cancerous cells. In modern Thailand, it is used as a daily tonic in the treatment of cancer, HIV-AIDS, hepatitis, and other severe diseases.

Preparation:Thinly slice unripe fruit and fire roast. Decoction from 2 handfuls of roasted fruit in 1 pint (500 ml) water. Drink as necessary while symptoms persist, or take daily as a tonic. The raw fruit may also be substituted for papaya when making Som Tarn. The young leaves and shoots are frequently steamed and eaten with chili or added to soups and curries.

Nutgrass, Sedge Root, Musta

Cyperus rotundus

Ya Haew Moo

Action: Alterative, Analgesic, Anthelmintic, Antipyretic, Antispasmodic, Astringent,

Carminative, Cardiac, Diaphoretic, Digestive, Diuretic, Emmenagogue, Hepatic, Stimulant, Stomachic, Tonic

Taste: Bitter

Part Used: Rhizome

Internal Application: Taken daily, nutgrass is a tonic for the liver and heart, a digestion stimulant, and an aid against hypertension. It is extremely useful in cases of blocked or infrequent menstruation, menstrual cramps, and PMS. In the Thai tradition, it is used to treat fevers, especially those that occur during menstruation. It is also commonly used to treat diarrhea, dysentery, stomach or intestinal cramps, irritable bowel, gastritis, indigestion, flatulence, colds, flu, and congestion.

Preparation: Pound 1 handful rhizome with mortar and pestle. Make decoction, or eat pulp with honey. Use ginger as an adjuvant.

Nutmeg

Myristica fragrans

ChanThet

Action: Antipyretic, Antispasmodic, Aphrodisiac, Appetizer, Astringent, Blood Tonic, Carminative, Digestive, Male Tonic, Nervine, Pectoral, Sedative

Taste: Hot

Part Used: Wood, Seed

Internal Application: The seed kernel is properly called nutmeg, while the membrane that covers the kernel is called mace. Nutmeg is used in small quantities in Thai cuisine as an appetizer, digestive, and carminative. It is added as a spice to food to enhance assimilation of food, lessen flatulence, and correct sluggish digestion. Nutmeg is also considered to be a tonic for the blood and a sedative with muscle relaxant qualities. According to Ayurvedic tradition, nutmeg calms the mind and cures insomnia, incontinence of urine, and premature ejaculation. In larger doses, it is strongly hallucinogenic and has been used in some areas of the world as a psychoactive drug. Mace is not used medicinally by the Thais, but it is a popular condiment. Decoction of the wood is a lung and liver tonic.

Preparation: Add a pinch of nutmeg to food or tea.

Note: Use only a pinch of nutmeg at a time, and avoid overdose, as nutmeg may be fatally poisonous in large doses.

Nyang Plaamoo

Acanthus ilicifolius

Action: Antipyretic, Diuretic

Part Used: Root, Trunk, Leaf

Internal Application: This plant is a diuretic used to help expel kidney and bladder stones, and is also an antipyretic for fevers, especially those associated with skin symptoms such as measles, chicken-pox, and scarlet fever.

Preparation: Decoction

Topical Application: This plant is used topically for skin eruptions, boils, leprosy, and fevers.

Preparation: Poultice